Saint of the Day – 22 October – Saint Symmachus of Capua (Died c449) Bishop of Capua, Builder of the great Basilica of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, friend of St Paulinus of Nola. Born in the late 4th Century, possibly in Rome and died in Capua, Italy in c449 of natural causes. Patronage – Santa Maria Capua Vetere in Campania, Italy. Also known as – Símaco, Simbrico, Simmac, Simmio, Simo.
Symmachus was born into an illustrious Senatorial family. He was elected as the Bishop of ancient Capua in around 424 under the Pontificate of Pope Celestine I. He held the Capuan See for approximately 25 years, until his death in c449.
Similarly to what happened to some contemporaries, such as Saint Ambrose of Milan and Saint Paulinus of Nola, who already held civil government offices in the cities of which they were elected Bishops, it is not unlikely that Symmachus, or other members of his family, held civil offices in the City, at that time, the City of Capua was among the richest in the empire.
In the renowned letter “De obitu Paulini” of the year 431 , addressed to the Latin poet and panegyrist, Pacatus Drepanius by the Presbyter Uranius ,the Secretary of Saint Paulinus of Nola, it is said:
“So three days before he (Paulinus) was called to the eternal dwelling in Heaven, we were all almost certain that he would leave. There were also two Bishops present around him who had come out of charity to visit him – the holy Symmachus and the blessed Acindino. In their presence, St Paulinus recovered somewhat, indeed, he took something to eat but above al,l he forgot for a while his serious physical infirmity, inserting himself entirely into their conversation like a man of God, indeed almost like an Angel. Knowing that he was about to go to his Lord, he wanted everything necessary to celebrate the Holy Mysteries to be prepared by his bed, so that, after offering the Divine Sacrifice, with the other holy Bishops, he could also commend his soul. He also wanted to readmit, to the communion of the Church, those whom, because of Ecclesiastical shortcomings, he had commanded to keep away from the Sacred Mystery, making peace with them. At the moment in which he was completing these things, with a cheerful face and with perfect lucidity, he began to ask in a clear voice, where his brothers were. Then one of those present, thinking that he was looking for his brother Bishops, who had concelebrated with him, said: ‘Behold, your brothers are here around you.’ But he answered and added: ‘I mean my brothers in the Episcopate, Gennaro and Martin , who were talking with me a little while ago, promising me that they would soon come.’ Of those two Bishops, the first, Gennaro, Bishop and Martyr, is a decoration of the Church of Naples, the other, Martin, an apostolic man, known throughout the Catholic world for his life, was a Bishop in France.”
In the same year, 431, although Symmachus is not registered in the official catalogue of the Bishops who attended, he participated in the Council of Ephesus which proclaimed the Dogma of the Divine Maternity of Mary, recognising the Virgin with the title of Mother of God.
On his return, in 43 , he wanted to dedicate a grandiose temple to the Mother of God, founding in ancient Capua, today Santa Maria Capua Vetere , the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore.
On the triumphal arch of the mosaic apse of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, dating to the 5th Century there appeared the title, visible until the destruction of the mosaics in 1754, Sanctae Maria. The mosaic depicted the Virgin Mary enthroned with the baby Jesus seated on her knees, as if on a throne, among vine leaves and grape shoots.
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