Category: DOCTORS of the Church

Saint of the Day – 11 April – St Leo I, the Great (c400-461) Confessor, Bishop of Rome, Great Western Father & Doctor of the Church. Born in c400 at Tuscany, Italy and died on 11 April 461 in Rome of natural causes. Papal Ascension – 29 September 440. Patronages – of Choristers, Musicians, of Castellana Grotte and Ponteginori, both in Italy and of the Diocese of Volterra also in Italy. St Leo was declared Doctor Unitatis Ecclesiae (Doctor of the Unity of the Church) Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XIV in 1754.

The Roman Martyrology reads: “At Rome, St Leo, Pope and Confessor, who was sunmaned “the Great” on account of his extraordinary merits. He gave the seal of his authority to the Holy Council of Chalcedon which was held in his time and which condemned Eutyches through his legates. After having merited the gratitude of the Church of God and the whole flock of Christ, by the many Decrees which he issued and the many excellent Treatise which he wrote, this good and zealous Shepherd, reseted in peace.”

He ranks among the most illustrious Sovereigns who ever occupied the Throne of St Peter. Of his life, we know little – with him, the man seems to disappear before the Pope.

He saw most clearly that one of his greatest tasks was to vindicate the primacy of the Roman Bishop, St Peter’s Successor and to raise the prestige of the Holy See before the entire world. Hardly any Pope in history has occupied a like position in the Ecclesiastical and political world.

As a writer, too, his name is famous. His sermons, which occur frequently in the Divine Office, belong to the finest and most profound in patristic literature. The Council of Chalcedon was held under his direction (451). The Breviary tells us:
“Leo I, an Etruscan, ruled the Church at the time when Attila, King of the Huns, who was called the Scourge of God, invaded Italy. After a siege of three years, he took, sacked and burned Aquileia and then hurried on toward Rome. Inflamed with anger, his troops were already preparing to cross the Po, at the point where it is joined by the Mincio.

Here Attila was stopped by Leo (452). With God-given eloquence, the Pope persuaded him to turn back and when the Hun was asked by his servants why, contrary to custom, he had so meekly yielded to the entreaties of a Roman Bishop, he answered that he had been alarmed by a figure dressed like a Priest who stood at Leo’s side; this individual was holding a drawn sword and acted as if he would kill him if he advanced farther. As a result Attila retreated to Pannonia.”

The Painting below is a Fresco called “The Meeting of Leo I and Attila” by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted from 1513 to 1514 as part of Raphael’s commission to decorate the rooms which are now known as the “Stanze di Raffaello,” in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.

Meanwhile, Leo returned to Rome and was received with universal rejoicing. Some time later, the Vandal Genseric entered the City and again Leo, by the power of his eloquence and the authority of his holy life, persuaded him to desist from atrocity and slaughter (455).

Leo was also active in matters Liturgical. The Leonine Sacramentary, a compendium of Missal prayers, contains many of his compositions; some also give him credit for the beautiful offices of Advent.

The Meeting between St Leo the Great and Attila is the only Altarpiece in St Peter’s consisting of a monumental marble relief.
It depicts the Pope repelling Attila and the Huns from attacking Rome. Attila raises his arm as Sts Peter and Paul appear in the sky.